![]() Thus, a desired size for a step can be obtained by connecting the appropriate feedback resistor. The value of the feedback resistor R f changes the size of the steps. In practice, due to the variations in the logic HIGH voltage levels, all the steps will not have the same size. The output is a negative going staircase waveform with 15 steps of -0.5V each. The graph with the analog outputs versus possible combinations of inputs is shown below. The output will be maximum if the switches (b0-b3) are closed. This overall current is then converted to its proportional output voltage. The current through R f will be the sum of these currents. Thus, according to the position (ON/OFF) of the switches (bo-b3), the corresponding “binary-weighted” currents will be obtained in the input resistor.
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December 2022
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